Atomic energy level diagrams

Scandium energy level diagram

Energy levels and transitions of neutral scandium (Sc I): the 90 strongest classified lines below 2 µm from the NIST Atomic Spectra Database and the 74 levels they connect, each line with its vacuum wavelength, frequency and, for 90 of them, the reduced dipole matrix element derived from the NIST transition rate. Measured lifetimes, transition rates, hyperfine constants and isotope shifts from the literature are included, each with its citation.

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Scandium energy level diagram with transition wavelengths and dipole matrix elements

Download: diagram (PDF) diagram (SVG) transitions (CSV) levels (CSV) source code

Key transitions of scandium

Transitionλ vac (nm)λ air (nm)ν (THz)|⟨J‖er‖J′⟩| (ea₀)A (s⁻¹)Γ/2π up. (MHz)branch (%)Use
3d24s 4F9/2 – 3d24p 4G°11/2567.3381567.1807528.41947.6495.410e+078.612100laser-cooling

λ, ν from NIST level energies unless a measured frequency for this isotope is available. A: measured value or NIST. Γ/2π: natural linewidth of the upper level, 1/(2πτ).

45Sc hyperfine structure (I = 7/2)

LevelA (MHz)B (MHz)Shift of each F level from the centre of gravity (MHz)
3d4s2 2D3/2269.5581(9)26.361(9)F=2: -1805.39 F=3: -1015.55 F=4: +55.15 F=5: +1421.77
3d4s2 2D5/2109.0330(9)-37.372(15)F=1: -1246.64 F=2: -1017.90 F=3: -678.79 F=4: -234.11 F=5: +309.72 F=6: +944.70
3d24s 4F3/2-158.512(3)-5.189(21)F=2: +1067.18 F=3: +595.35 F=4: -37.22 F=5: -833.49
3d24s 4F5/2154.0352(21)-6.45(3)F=1: -1736.35 F=2: -1426.44 F=3: -962.26 F=4: -344.64 F=5: +425.30 F=6: +1346.20
3d24s 4F7/2250.0119(21)-9.08(3)F=0: -3942.55 F=1: -3691.61 F=2: -3189.92 F=3: -2437.85 F=4: -1435.95 F=5: -184.96 F=6: +1314.18 F=7: +3060.38
3d24s 4F9/2285.966(9)-15.5(7)F=1: -5511.94 F=2: -4937.79 F=3: -4077.04 F=4: -2930.23 F=5: -1498.10 F=6: +218.43 F=7: +2218.26 F=8: +4500.10
3d24s 2F5/2292(6)–F=1: -3281.60 F=2: -2698.21 F=3: -1823.11 F=4: -656.32 F=5: +802.17 F=6: +2552.36
3d24s 2F7/2-18.0(12)–F=0: +283.30 F=1: +265.32 F=2: +229.34 F=3: +175.38 F=4: +103.43 F=5: +13.49 F=6: -94.44 F=7: -220.35
3d4s4p 4F°3/2-137.6(3)-27(4)F=2: +914.54 F=3: +520.78 F=4: -22.01 F=5: -729.10
3d4s4p 4F°5/2289.6(3)–F=1: -3257.99 F=2: -2678.80 F=3: -1810.00 F=4: -651.60 F=5: +796.40 F=6: +2534.00
3d4s4p 4F°7/2359.5(3)-39(5)F=0: -5682.23 F=1: -5318.81 F=2: -4592.75 F=3: -3505.64 F=4: -2059.89 F=5: -258.65 F=6: +1894.08 F=7: +4393.53
3d4s4p 4D°1/2-510.8(18)–F=3: +1149.40 F=4: -893.98
3d4s4p 4D°3/2342.4(24)–F=2: -2310.95 F=3: -1283.86 F=4: +85.59 F=5: +1797.41
3d4s4p 4F°9/2390.9(3)-63(14)F=1: -7554.38 F=2: -6763.49 F=3: -5579.03 F=4: -4003.26 F=5: -2039.20 F=6: +309.39 F=7: +3037.99 F=8: +6141.32
3d4s4p 4D°5/2306.1(6)–F=1: -3443.49 F=2: -2831.32 F=3: -1913.05 F=4: -688.70 F=5: +841.74 F=6: +2678.27
3d4s4p 4D°7/2457.8(3)22(12)F=0: -7198.36 F=1: -6742.81 F=2: -5831.26 F=3: -4462.83 F=4: -2636.16 F=5: -349.48 F=6: +2399.45 F=7: +5613.31
3d24s 2D5/2552.5(6)89(11)F=1: -6168.12 F=2: -5088.53 F=3: -3459.59 F=4: -1269.88 F=5: +1495.89 F=6: +4856.79
3d24s 2D3/2-288.4(9)-17(8)F=2: +1937.71 F=3: +1084.50 F=4: -64.31 F=5: -1518.30
3d4s4p 4P°5/2587.9(6)–F=1: -6613.80 F=2: -5438.01 F=3: -3674.33 F=4: -1322.76 F=5: +1616.71 F=6: +5144.06
3d4s4p 2P°1/2442(5)–F=3: -994.26 F=4: +773.32
3d4s4p 2P°3/212.6(9)-191(13)F=2: -187.13 F=3: -13.17 F=4: +91.67 F=5: +18.44
3d4s4p 2D°3/2278(5)–F=2: -1875.88 F=3: -1042.15 F=4: +69.48 F=5: +1459.02
3d4s4p 2D°5/231(4)–F=1: -347.38 F=2: -285.63 F=3: -192.99 F=4: -69.48 F=5: +84.92 F=6: +270.19
3d4s4p 2F°5/2171.5(15)–F=1: -1929.16 F=2: -1586.20 F=3: -1071.76 F=4: -385.83 F=5: +471.57 F=6: +1500.46
3d4s4p 2F°7/2125(3)–F=0: -1964.24 F=1: -1839.53 F=2: -1590.10 F=3: -1215.96 F=4: -717.10 F=5: -93.53 F=6: +654.75 F=7: +1527.74
3d24p 4G°5/2279.1(12)-29(7)F=1: -3155.69 F=2: -2589.08 F=3: -1742.32 F=4: -619.18 F=5: +775.31 F=6: +2434.84
3d24p 4G°7/2147.2(3)–F=0: -2318.37 F=1: -2171.17 F=2: -1876.78 F=3: -1435.18 F=4: -846.39 F=5: -110.40 F=6: +772.79 F=7: +1803.18
3d24p 4G°9/283.3(6)-25(4)F=1: -1615.74 F=2: -1445.51 F=3: -1190.89 F=4: -852.78 F=5: -432.36 F=6: +68.88 F=7: +649.16 F=8: +1306.42
3d24p 4G°11/244.7(3)-39(7)F=2: -1032.47 F=3: -892.03 F=4: -706.22 F=5: -476.24 F=6: -203.63 F=7: +109.76 F=8: +461.81 F=9: +850.06
3d4s4p 2P°1/2240(19)–F=3: -539.63 F=4: +419.71
3d4s4p 2P°3/2327(4)–F=2: -2209.77 F=3: -1227.65 F=4: +81.84 F=5: +1718.71
3d24p 4F°3/2280.3(3)–F=2: -1892.07 F=3: -1051.15 F=4: +70.08 F=5: +1471.61
3d24p 4F°5/2121.1(3)–F=1: -1362.56 F=2: -1120.32 F=3: -756.98 F=4: -272.51 F=5: +333.07 F=6: +1059.77
3d24p 4F°7/267.5(3)–F=0: -1062.39 F=1: -994.94 F=2: -860.03 F=3: -657.67 F=4: -387.86 F=5: -50.59 F=6: +354.13 F=7: +826.30
3d24p 4F°9/244.4(3)–F=1: -854.11 F=2: -765.37 F=3: -632.26 F=4: -454.79 F=5: -232.94 F=6: +33.28 F=7: +343.86 F=8: +698.82
3d24p 4D°1/2432.9(9)–F=3: -974.03 F=4: +757.58
3d24p 4D°3/2126.2(15)–F=2: -851.93 F=3: -473.30 F=4: +31.55 F=5: +662.62
3d24p 4D°5/270.5(9)–F=1: -792.58 F=2: -651.67 F=3: -440.32 F=4: -158.51 F=5: +193.74 F=6: +616.45
3d24p 4D°7/242.0(3)–F=0: -661.04 F=1: -619.07 F=2: -535.13 F=3: -409.22 F=4: -241.33 F=5: -31.48 F=6: +220.35 F=7: +514.14
3d24p 2G°7/2169.4(12)–F=0: -2667.78 F=1: -2498.39 F=2: -2159.63 F=3: -1651.48 F=4: -973.95 F=5: -127.04 F=6: +889.26 F=7: +2074.94
3d24p 2G°9/271(4)–F=1: -1361.96 F=2: -1220.45 F=3: -1008.20 F=4: -725.20 F=5: -371.44 F=6: +53.06 F=7: +548.32 F=8: +1114.33
3d24p 2F°5/2226.9(18)–F=1: -2553.11 F=2: -2099.22 F=3: -1418.39 F=4: -510.62 F=5: +624.09 F=6: +1985.75
3d24p 2F°7/239.9(6)–F=0: -627.99 F=1: -588.12 F=2: -508.37 F=3: -388.76 F=4: -229.27 F=5: -29.90 F=6: +209.33 F=7: +488.44
3d24p 2D°3/2236(3)–F=2: -1590.55 F=3: -883.64 F=4: +58.91 F=5: +1237.09
3d24p 2D°5/241.7(15)–F=1: -468.80 F=2: -385.46 F=3: -260.44 F=4: -93.76 F=5: +114.60 F=6: +364.62
3d4s5s 4D1/2-739.6(24)–F=3: +1664.07 F=4: -1294.28
3d4s5s 4D5/2595.1(6)–F=1: -6694.74 F=2: -5504.56 F=3: -3719.30 F=4: -1338.95 F=5: +1636.49 F=6: +5207.02
3d4s5s 4D7/2603.8(12)–F=0: -9509.57 F=1: -8905.78 F=2: -7698.22 F=3: -5886.88 F=4: -3471.75 F=5: -452.84 F=6: +3169.86 F=7: +7396.33
3d24p 4D°3/256(4)–F=2: -376.39 F=3: -209.10 F=4: +13.94 F=5: +292.75
3d24p 2D°3/2162.2(15)–F=2: -1094.77 F=3: -608.20 F=4: +40.55 F=5: +851.49
3d24p 2D°5/2133.1(9)–F=1: -1497.46 F=2: -1231.25 F=3: -831.92 F=4: -299.49 F=5: +366.05 F=6: +1164.69
3d24p 2P°3/2215.6(9)–F=2: -1454.97 F=3: -808.32 F=4: +53.89 F=5: +1131.64
3d24p 2P°1/2110.3(15)–F=3: -248.23 F=4: +193.07
3d4s4d 4D5/2440.4(18)–F=1: -4954.44 F=2: -4073.66 F=3: -2752.47 F=4: -990.89 F=5: +1211.09 F=6: +3853.46
3d4s4d 4D7/2503.1(6)–F=0: -7923.06 F=1: -7420.01 F=2: -6413.91 F=3: -4904.75 F=4: -2892.55 F=5: -377.29 F=6: +2641.02 F=7: +6162.38
(39861)5/2-291.1(18)–F=1: +3274.86 F=2: +2692.66 F=3: +1819.37 F=4: +654.97 F=5: -800.52 F=6: -2547.11
3d4s4d 4G7/2101.3(21)–F=0: -1595.94 F=1: -1494.62 F=2: -1291.96 F=3: -987.97 F=4: -582.65 F=5: -76.00 F=6: +531.98 F=7: +1241.29
3d4s4d 4F3/2-215(10)–F=2: +1452.94 F=3: +807.19 F=4: -53.81 F=5: -1130.07
3d4s4d 4F5/2188(4)–F=1: -2118.03 F=2: -1741.49 F=3: -1176.68 F=4: -423.61 F=5: +517.74 F=6: +1647.36
3d4s5p 2P°3/2136(4)–F=2: -918.71 F=3: -510.40 F=4: +34.03 F=5: +714.55
3d4s4d 4F7/2279.4(15)–F=0: -4400.65 F=1: -4121.25 F=2: -3562.43 F=3: -2724.21 F=4: -1606.59 F=5: -209.56 F=6: +1466.88 F=7: +3422.73
3d24p 2D°3/2-195(4)–F=2: +1317.36 F=3: +731.87 F=4: -48.79 F=5: -1024.62
3d24p 2D°5/2469.2(18)–F=1: -5278.22 F=2: -4339.87 F=3: -2932.34 F=4: -1055.64 F=5: +1290.23 F=6: +4105.28
3d4s5p 2P°3/2758(9)–F=2: -5117.68 F=3: -2843.16 F=4: +189.54 F=5: +3980.42
3d4s5p 2F°7/267(27)–F=0: -1057.67 F=1: -990.51 F=2: -856.21 F=3: -654.75 F=4: -386.13 F=5: -50.37 F=6: +352.56 F=7: +822.63
3d4s5p 2D°3/2342(4)–F=2: -2310.95 F=3: -1283.86 F=4: +85.59 F=5: +1797.41
3d4s5p 2D°5/2219(11)–F=1: -2468.79 F=2: -2029.89 F=3: -1371.55 F=4: -493.76 F=5: +603.48 F=6: +1920.17
3d24p 2F°5/211(5)–F=1: -128.16 F=2: -105.38 F=3: -71.20 F=4: -25.63 F=5: +31.33 F=6: +99.68
3d24p 2P°1/2463(28)–F=3: -1040.80 F=4: +809.51

Measured A, B constants; sources in the data file.

Closed and nearly closed transitions of scandium

Transitionλ vacuum (nm)Lower levelA (s⁻¹)Leak per scattered photonPhotons before a leakWhere the leak goes
3d24s 4F9/2 → 3d24p 4G°11/2567.3381metastable5.410e+07 measured7.72 × 10−8 from semi-empirical calc.1.3 × 1073d24s 2G9/2 ≈ 7.72 × 10−8
3d24s 4F3/2 → 3d24p 4D°1/2473.5421metastable1.100e+08 measured7.08 × 10−4 from semi-empirical calc.1,4103d4s2 2D3/2 ≈ 5.29 × 10−4 (long-lived); 3d24s 4P1/2 ≈ 1.48 × 10−4; 3d24s 4P3/2 ≈ 2.86 × 10−5; 4 weaker lines
3d4s2 2D3/2 → 3d4s4p 2P°1/2327.0842ground3.130e+08 measured0.116 % from semi-empirical calc.8623d24s 2D3/2 ≈ 9.86 × 10−4; 3d24s 2S1/2 ≈ 1.35 × 10−4; 3d24s 4F3/2 ≈ 3.04 × 10−5 (long-lived); 4 weaker lines
3d4s2 2D5/2 → 3d4s4p 2F°7/2391.2926metastable1.770e+08 measured1.04 % from semi-empirical calc.963d24s 2F7/2 ≈ 0.906 % (long-lived); 3d24s 2D5/2 ≈ 6.99 × 10−4; 3d24s 2G9/2 ≈ 4.16 × 10−4; 6 weaker lines
3d4s2 2D3/2 → 3d4s4p 2P°1/2405.5691ground4.460e+07 NIST2.14 % from semi-empirical calc.473d24s 2D3/2 ≈ 2.03 %; 3d24s 2P1/2 ≈ 7 × 10−4; 3d24s 2P3/2 ≈ 3.81 × 10−4; 3 weaker lines
3d4s2 2D5/2 → 3d4s4p 2P°3/2408.3545metastable2.730e+07 NIST5.3 % from semi-empirical calc.193d24s 2D5/2 ≈ 2.66 %; 3d4s2 2D3/2 ≈ 2.11 % (long-lived); 3d24s 2D3/2 ≈ 0.271 %; 8 weaker lines
3d24s 4F9/2 → 3d24p 4F°9/2508.2986metastable7.600e+07 measured8.79 % from semi-empirical calc.113d24s 4F7/2 8.76 % (long-lived); 3d24s 2F7/2 ≈ 2.74 × 10−4 (long-lived); 3d24s 2G9/2 ≈ 2.42 × 10−5; 1 weaker lines
3d4s2 2D3/2 → 3d4s4p 2D°3/2402.1528ground1.630e+08 measured8.81 % from semi-empirical calc.113d4s2 2D5/2 8.56 % (long-lived); 3d24s 2F5/2 0.201 % (long-lived); 3d24s 2D5/2 ≈ 1.64 × 10−4; 8 weaker lines
3d24s 4F7/2 → 3d24p 4G°9/2568.8410metastable4.900e+07 measured8.81 % from semi-empirical calc.113d24s 4F9/2 8.8 % (long-lived); 3d24s 2F7/2 ≈ 4.83 × 10−5 (long-lived); 3d24s 2G7/2 ≈ 1.76 × 10−8; 1 weaker lines
3d24s 2F7/2 → 3d24p 2G°9/2552.2030metastable4.300e+07 measured9.27 % from semi-empirical calc.113d24s 2G9/2 8.86 %; 3d24s 2G7/2 0.243 %; 3d24s 4F9/2 ≈ 0.167 % (long-lived); 1 weaker lines
3d4s2 2D5/2 → 3d4s4p 2D°5/2402.4817metastable1.650e+08 measured9.33 % from semi-empirical calc.113d4s2 2D3/2 9.07 % (long-lived); 3d24s 2F7/2 0.22 % (long-lived); 3d24s 2P3/2 ≈ 2.21 × 10−4; 9 weaker lines
3d4s2 2D3/2 → 3d4s4p 2F°5/2390.8597ground1.650e+08 measured9.47 % from semi-empirical calc.113d4s2 2D5/2 8.67 % (long-lived); 3d24s 2F5/2 0.669 % (long-lived); 3d24s 2D3/2 ≈ 5.25 × 10−4; 9 weaker lines

A transition is closed when its upper level can decay only to the level it was excited from, so the atom keeps scattering photons. “closed”: among the levels NIST lists, no other level below the upper level has the opposite parity and |ΔJ| ≤ 1, so no other electric-dipole decay exists. Otherwise the leak is the sum of the branching ratios of the other decay lines of the upper level (or 1 − branching ratio where that of the line itself has been measured), and the number of photons is 1 / leak. “≥” and “≤”: at least one possible decay path has no listed rate, so the leak is a lower limit. These numbers are derived from the branching ratios, lifetimes and rates of this page, not measured as such; the tag names the weakest of the inputs, * marks theory and ≈ a model or semi-empirical calculation. Listed: lines that start on the ground level or on a metastable level and leak at most 10 %, unless more than three possible decay paths have no listed rate. Fine-structure levels only: hyperfine and Zeeman dark states and forbidden decays without a listed rate are not considered. Select a line in the diagram for the full list of its leak channels.

Listed Sc transitions below 2 µm

Lower levelUpper levelλ vacuum (nm)λ air (nm)ν (THz)Type|⟨J‖er‖J′⟩| (ea₀)A (s⁻¹)Branching (%)Source of matrix element / A
3d4s2 2D3/23d25p 2D°5/2211.3516211.28471418.4538E10.299 NIST3.200e+06 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D3/23d25p 2D°3/2211.7320211.66511415.9051E10.612 NIST2.000e+07 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D5/23d25p 2D°5/2212.1062212.03921413.4072E10.752 NIST2.000e+07 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D3/23d24p 2P°3/2226.2992226.22921324.7614E10.364 NIST5.800e+06 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D3/23d24p 2P°1/2226.7295226.65931322.2475E10.743 NIST4.800e+07 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D5/23d24p 2P°3/2227.1646227.09441319.7148E11.032 NIST4.600e+07 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D3/23d24p 2F°5/2228.1536228.08321313.9939E10.992 NIST2.800e+07 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D5/23d24p 2F°5/2229.0333228.96271308.9473E10.382 NIST4.100e+06 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D3/23d4s5p 2D°5/2231.2002231.12911296.6790E10.387 NIST4.100e+06 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D3/23d4s5p 2D°3/2231.6400231.56881294.2172E10.783 NIST2.500e+07 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D5/23d4s5p 2D°5/2232.1035232.03231291.6324E10.943 NIST2.400e+07 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D5/23d4s5p 2D°3/2232.5468232.47541289.1706E10.319 NIST4.100e+06 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D3/23d4s5p 2F°5/2232.8897232.81831287.2722E10.415 NIST4.600e+06 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D3/23d4s5p 2P°1/2233.5387233.46711283.6951E10.462 NIST1.700e+07 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D5/23d4s5p 2F°7/2233.5878233.51621283.4254E10.426 NIST3.600e+06 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D3/23d4s5p 2P°3/2233.7519233.68031282.5240E10.305 NIST3.700e+06 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D5/23d4s5p 2P°3/2234.6753234.60351277.4774E10.576 NIST1.300e+07 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D3/23d24p 2D°5/2242.9395242.86581234.0209E10.296 NIST2.070e+06 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D3/23d24p 2D°3/2242.9932242.91951233.7483E10.894 NIST2.820e+07 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D5/23d24p 2D°5/2243.9371243.86321228.9743E10.950 NIST2.100e+07 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D5/23d4s5p 2P°3/2247.3675247.29281211.9314E10.295 NIST2.920e+06 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D3/23d24p 2P°1/2269.3572269.27731112.9921E10.547 measured1.550e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D3/23d24p 2D°5/2269.9816269.90151110.4180E10.350 measured2.100e+06 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D3/23d24p 2D°3/2270.7540270.67371107.2504E11.141 measured3.320e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D5/23d24p 2P°3/2270.8729270.79261106.7643E10.833 measured1.770e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D5/23d24p 2D°5/2271.2142271.13381105.3714E11.438 measured3.500e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D3/23d24p 4D°3/2271.7861271.70551103.0457E1 (intercombination)0.377 NIST3.580e+06 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s2 2D3/23d24p 2D°5/2296.6740296.58741010.5115E10.830 measured8.900e+06 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D3/23d24p 2D°3/2297.4874297.40061007.7484E11.675 measured5.400e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D5/23d24p 2D°5/2298.1630298.07611005.4648E12.097 measured5.600e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D5/23d24p 2D°3/2298.9847298.89751002.7018E10.586 measured6.500e+06 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D3/23d24p 2F°5/2301.6247301.5369993.9253E12.628 measured8.500e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D5/23d24p 2F°7/2302.0233301.9353992.6138E13.163 measured9.200e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D5/23d24p 2F°5/2303.1640303.0758988.8787E10.935 measured1.060e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D3/23d4s4p 2P°3/2325.6619325.5680920.5636E11.466 measured3.150e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D3/23d4s4p 2P°1/2327.0842326.9900916.5604E13.288 measured3.130e+08 measured100Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D5/23d4s4p 2P°3/2327.4570327.3627915.5170E14.413 measured2.810e+08 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D3/23d4s4p 2F°5/2390.8597390.7490767.0078E15.402 measured1.650e+08 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D5/23d4s4p 2F°7/2391.2926391.1818766.1592E16.471 measured1.770e+08 measured100Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D5/23d4s4p 2F°5/2393.4485393.3371761.9612E11.688 measured1.580e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D3/23d4s4p 2D°5/2399.7731399.6601749.9066E11.767 measured1.650e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D3/23d4s4p 2D°3/2402.1528402.0391745.4691E14.575 measured1.630e+08 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D5/23d4s4p 2D°5/2402.4817402.3679744.8599E15.644 measured1.650e+08 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D5/23d4s4p 2D°3/2404.8938404.7794740.4225E11.416 measured1.530e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D3/23d4s4p 2P°1/2405.5691405.4546739.1896E11.714 NIST4.460e+07 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy C)
3d4s4p 4D°3/23d4s4d 4F5/2407.6112407.4962735.4863E12.623 measured3.430e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s4p 4D°1/23d4s4d 4F3/2407.9715407.8563734.8368E12.350 measured4.120e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s2 2D5/23d4s4p 2P°3/2408.3545408.2392734.1476E11.916 NIST2.730e+07 NIST–NIST ASD (accuracy B+)
3d4s4p 4D°5/23d4s4d 4F7/2408.7817408.6664733.3803E13.120 measured3.610e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s4p 4F°3/2(39861)5/2413.4147413.2981725.1616E14.927 measured1.160e+08 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s4p 4F°5/23d4s4d 4G7/2414.1444414.0276723.8839E15.728 measured1.170e+08 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s4p 4D°5/23d4s4d 4D5/2423.4779423.3587707.9294E12.935 measured3.830e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s4p 4D°7/23d4s4d 4D7/2423.9238423.8045707.1848E14.589 measured7.000e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s4p 4P°5/23d4s4d 4D7/2471.0632470.9314636.4166E13.997 measured3.870e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F7/23d24p 4D°7/2473.0092472.8769633.7984E12.221 measured1.180e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F3/23d24p 4D°3/2473.0520472.9197633.7410E12.188 measured2.290e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F5/23d24p 4D°5/2473.0559472.9236633.7359E12.498 measured1.990e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F3/23d24p 4D°1/2473.5421473.4096633.0852E13.396 measured1.100e+08 measured100Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F5/23d24p 4D°3/2473.8971473.7645632.6109E14.275 measured8.700e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F7/23d24p 4D°5/2474.2354474.1028632.1595E15.332 measured9.000e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F9/23d24p 4D°7/2474.5147474.3820631.7875E16.397 measured9.700e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 2D3/23d24p 2P°1/2497.5052497.3664602.5916E13.195 measured8.400e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 2D5/23d24p 2P°3/2498.1750498.0360601.7814E13.631 measured5.400e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 2D5/23d24p 2D°5/2499.3307499.1915600.3885E13.633 measured3.580e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F7/23d24p 4F°9/2506.5714506.4302591.8069E12.164 measured7.300e+06 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F5/23d24p 4F°7/2507.1574507.0161591.1231E12.444 measured1.160e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F3/23d24p 4F°5/2507.7220507.5805590.4658E12.111 measured1.150e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F9/23d24p 4F°9/2508.2986508.1569589.7960E17.019 measured7.600e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F7/23d24p 4F°7/2508.5134508.3717589.5468E15.674 measured6.200e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F5/23d24p 4F°5/2508.6955508.5538589.3357E14.689 measured5.640e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F3/23d24p 4F°3/2508.8370508.6952589.1719E14.143 measured6.600e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F5/23d24p 4F°3/2509.8148509.6728588.0419E12.115 measured1.710e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F7/23d24p 4F°5/2510.0598509.9177587.7594E12.460 measured1.540e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F9/23d24p 4F°7/2510.2539510.1117587.5359E12.173 measured9.000e+06 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s4p 4F°3/23d4s5s 4D1/2534.2539534.1053561.1423E12.460 measured4.020e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 2F5/23d24p 2D°3/2535.0796534.9308560.2764E13.927 measured5.100e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 2F7/23d24p 2D°5/2535.7583535.6094559.5666E14.626 measured4.700e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s4p 4F°7/23d4s5s 4D5/2537.6841537.5346557.5625E13.950 measured3.390e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d4s4p 4F°9/23d4s5s 4D7/2539.3561539.2062555.8340E15.046 measured4.110e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 2F7/23d24p 2F°7/2548.3518548.1995546.7156E15.590 measured4.800e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 2F5/23d24p 2F°5/2548.6150548.4626546.4532E14.691 measured4.500e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 2F5/23d24p 2G°7/2551.5751551.4220543.5206E15.288 measured4.220e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 2F7/23d24p 2G°9/2552.2030552.0496542.9026E15.978 measured4.300e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F9/23d24p 4G°11/2567.3381567.1807528.4194E17.649 measured5.410e+07 measured100Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F7/23d24p 4G°9/2568.8410568.6832527.0233E16.672 measured4.900e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F5/23d24p 4G°7/2570.1735570.0153525.7917E15.777 measured4.560e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F9/23d24p 4G°9/2571.0197570.8613525.0124E12.085 measured4.730e+06 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F3/23d24p 4G°5/2571.3338571.1753524.7238E14.969 measured4.470e+07 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F7/23d24p 4G°7/2571.8880571.7293524.2154E12.369 measured7.600e+06 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3
3d24s 4F5/23d24p 4G°5/2572.5669572.4081523.5938E12.042 measured7.500e+06 measured–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3

Reduced dipole matrix elements follow the convention A = ω³|d|²/(3πε₀ħc³(2J′+1)), with J′ the upper level. Tags show where a number comes from: measured, NIST compilation, high-accuracy theory, a semi-empirical calculation (Kurucz line list, used only where no measurement or NIST value exists; typically within a factor 2), or a model calculation.

Sc energy levels

LevelEnergy (cm⁻¹)JParityLifetimegJHyperfine A (MHz)Hyperfine B (MHz)Lifetime sourceHyperfine source
3d4s2 2D3/20.0003/2evenstable0.79933269.55826.3608–Childs (1971), as tabulated by Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Co…
3d4s2 2D5/2168.3375/2even–1.2003109.033-37.3721–Childs (1971), as tabulated by Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Co…
3d24s 4F3/211519.9613/2even–0.4-158.512-5.18941–Ertmer & Hofer (1976), as tabulated by Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Stru…
3d24s 4F5/211557.6565/2even–1.026154.035-6.44554–Zeiske et al. (1976), as tabulated by Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Struc…
3d24s 4F7/211610.2367/2even–1.244250.012-9.08371–Zeiske et al. (1976), as tabulated by Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Struc…
3d24s 4F9/211677.3129/2even–1.325285.966-15.4693–Ertmer & Hofer (1976), as tabulated by Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Stru…
3d24s 2F5/214926.0615/2even–0.861291.698––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24s 2F7/215041.9027/2even–1.134-17.9875––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4p 4F°3/215672.5593/2odd–0.426-137.605-26.6815–Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4p 4F°5/215756.5305/2odd–1.036289.6––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4p 4F°7/215881.7087/2odd–1.232359.451-38.973–Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4p 4D°1/216009.7431/2odd–0.002-510.846––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4p 4D°3/216021.7793/2odd–1.039342.363––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4p 4F°9/216026.5539/2odd–1.33390.929-63.2562–Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4p 4D°5/216141.0015/2odd–1.336306.088––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4p 4D°7/216210.8147/2odd–1.43457.78321.8848–Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24s 2D5/217012.7535/2even–1.226552.51889.0384–Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24s 2D3/217025.1273/2even–0.815-288.4-16.7884–Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4p 4P°5/218571.3865/2odd–1.6587.893––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4p 2P°1/224656.7121/2odd––441.894––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4p 2P°3/224656.8663/2odd––12.5913-190.668–Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4p 2D°3/224866.1723/2odd–0.804277.908––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4p 2D°5/225014.1905/2odd–1.20130.8786––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4p 2F°5/225584.6275/2odd–0.857171.481––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4p 2F°7/225724.6587/2odd< 5.65 ns measured1.138124.714–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3. Note: derived: 1/A…Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 4G°5/229022.8645/2odd–0.584279.107-29.3797–Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 4G°7/229096.1787/2odd–0.981147.198––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 4G°9/229189.8429/2odd–1.1683.3423-24.8828–Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 4G°11/229303.48511/2odd< 18.48 ns measured–44.6691-39.2728Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3. Note: derived: 1/A…Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4p 2P°1/230573.1631/2odd< 3.195 ns measured0.68239.834–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3. Note: derived: 1/A…Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4p 2P°3/230706.6963/2odd–1.332327.373––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 4F°3/231172.6213/2odd–0.4280.306––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 4F°5/231215.7805/2odd–1.027121.116––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 4F°7/231275.4007/2odd–1.2467.4533––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 4F°9/231350.7899/2odd–1.3344.3693––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 4D°1/232637.4091/2odd< 9.091 ns measured0.03432.9–Lawler, Hala, Sneden, Nave, Wood, Cowan, ApJS 241, 21 (2019), Table 3. Note: derived: 1/A…Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 4D°3/232659.2853/2odd––126.213––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 4D°5/232696.8085/2odd–1.37370.4512––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 4D°7/232751.4747/2odd–1.41441.9709––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 2G°7/233055.9577/2odd–0.91169.383––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 2G°9/233151.1859/2odd–1.0670.751––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 2F°5/233153.7795/2odd–0.853226.943––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 2F°7/233278.3707/2odd–1.14639.8724––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 2D°3/233614.8693/2odd–0.824235.637––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 2D°5/233707.0345/2odd–1.18641.6712––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s5s 4D1/234390.2531/2even––-739.588––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s5s 4D5/234479.9905/2even–1.37595.088––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s5s 4D7/234567.1807/2even–1.43603.782––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 4D°3/236793.6453/2odd–1.18455.7614––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 2D°3/236933.8993/2odd–0.879162.188––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 2D°5/237039.5595/2odd–1.207133.108––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 2P°3/237086.0203/2odd–1.278215.551––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 2P°1/237125.4191/2odd––110.324––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4d 4D5/239754.9835/2even–1.364440.395––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4d 4D7/239799.9597/2even–1.439503.052––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
(39861)5/239861.3485/2even–0.555-291.098––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4d 4G7/239902.6987/2even–0.968101.33––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4d 4F3/240521.2613/2even–0.401-215.251––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4d 4F5/240554.9605/2even–1.035188.27––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s5p 2P°3/240594.0183/2odd––136.106––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s4d 4F7/240603.9337/2even–1.235279.407––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 2D°3/241153.4143/2odd––-195.165––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 2D°5/241162.5065/2odd––469.175––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s5p 2P°3/242780.3973/2odd––758.175––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s5p 2P°1/242819.4581/2odd––––––
3d4s5p 2F°5/242938.7805/2odd––––––
3d4s5p 2F°7/242978.7997/2odd––67.1535––Van Deelen (2017), as tabulated by Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structur…
3d4s5p 2D°3/243170.4393/2odd––342.363––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d4s5p 2D°5/243252.5575/2odd––219.448––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 2F°5/243830.1185/2odd–0.84511.3921––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 2P°1/244105.4301/2odd–0.668462.58––Hala & Nave, ApJS 259, 0000 (2022) "Hyperfine Structure Constants of Sc I and Sc II with …
3d24p 2P°3/244189.2843/2odd–1.331––––
3d25p 2D°3/247229.5093/2odd––––––
3d25p 2D°5/247314.5265/2odd––––––

Sc⁺ ionisation limit 52922.00 cm⁻¹ = 6.56149 eV (188.957 nm)

Sources

Hyperfine A, B are for 45Sc (I = 7/2), sign convention of the sources (W_F = A K/2 + B[...]). All Hala & Nave values are printed in mK; MHz values here are unit conversions (flagged "derived" in the note) and the original mK numbers are kept in A_mK/B_mK. For the ground term and a4F the precise ABMR / laser-rf values (Childs 1971; Ertmer & Hofer 1976; Zeiske et al. 1976) are second-hand, read in Hala & Nave 2022 Table 2. Hala & Nave mark their recommended value in bold, which is lost in the text extraction; the rule used here is: Childs / Ertmer & Hofer / Zeiske et al. rf values where listed, otherwise the Hala & Nave measurement, with the other number kept under hyperfine_other. Van Deelen (2017) uncertainties quoted there are fit uncertainties only and are known to be underestimates. Level energies in Lawler et al. 2019 and Hala & Nave 2022 are older values (e.g. 11519.99 vs NIST 11519.9611); levels were matched to the NIST file by energy (<0.25 cm^-1) and J. Transition probabilities A_s are Lawler et al. 2019 (uncertainties 1 sigma as printed); they rest on the Marsden et al. 1988 LIF lifetimes (about +-5%). The two unresolved y2P° lines at 4054.54 and 4082.39 A (blend of the 24656.712 and 24656.866 cm^-1 levels) are omitted. rme_J_ea0 values are derived from A_s, not printed in any source. "drawn_on_site" marks levels/transitions present in data/sc/levels.csv / transitions.csv.

Atoms with measured data

All elements: periodic table