Lithium-7 energy level diagram

Energy levels and transitions of neutral ⁷Li (Li I, nuclear spin I = 3/2): 32 levels and 85 lines below 2 µm, each with its vacuum wavelength, frequency and, for 85 of them, the reduced dipole matrix element. Level energies come from the NIST Atomic Spectra Database; transition rates are 83 NIST, 2 measured.

Hover a line or a level to isolate it, click to keep it selected. Scroll to zoom, drag to move.

Download: diagram (PDF) diagram (SVG) transitions (CSV) levels (CSV) source code

Key transitions of ⁷Li

λ and ν from NIST level energies (centre of gravity, no hyperfine structure); λ air uses standard air (Ciddor). Γ/2π: natural linewidth of the upper level, 1/(2πτ). Branch: share of the upper level's decays that takes this line.

Rydberg excitation wavelengths (vacuum, nm)

Rydberg term energies from ARC quantum defects + NIST ionisation limit, lower level from NIST. d₇₀ = |⟨J‖er‖J′⟩| to n = 70 in ea₀ (calculated). S → nP values come from a near-cancelling integral: treat them as an order of magnitude.

⁷Li hyperfine structure (I = 3/2)

A, B: magnetic-dipole and electric-quadrupole constants (measured; see data file for sources).

Closed and nearly closed transitions of ⁷Li

A transition is closed when its upper level can decay only to the level it was excited from, so the atom keeps scattering photons. “closed”: among the levels NIST lists, no other level below the upper level has the opposite parity and |ΔJ| ≤ 1, so no other electric-dipole decay exists. Otherwise the leak is the sum of the branching ratios of the other decay lines of the upper level (or 1 − branching ratio where that of the line itself has been measured), and the number of photons is 1 / leak. “≥” and “≤”: at least one possible decay path has no listed rate, so the leak is a lower limit. These numbers are derived from the branching ratios, lifetimes and rates of this page, not measured as such; the tag names the weakest of the inputs, * marks theory and ≈ a model or semi-empirical calculation. Listed: lines that start on the ground level or on a metastable level and leak at most 10 %, unless more than three possible decay paths have no listed rate. Fine-structure levels only: hyperfine and Zeeman dark states and forbidden decays without a listed rate are not considered. Select a line in the diagram for the full list of its leak channels.

All ⁷Li transitions below 2 µm

Reduced dipole matrix elements follow the convention A = ω³|d|²/(3πε₀ħc³(2J′+1)), with J′ the upper level. Tags show where a number comes from: measured, NIST compilation, high-accuracy theory, or a model calculation.

⁷Li energy levels

Li⁺ ionisation limit 43487.11 cm⁻¹ = 5.39171 eV = 1303.711 THz (229.953 nm)

Sources

• ARC (sum of calculated rates, 0 K)
• ARC model potential
• Allegrini, Arimondo, Orozco, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 51, 043102 (2022), Table I; 'Recomm…
• Allegrini, Arimondo, Orozco, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 51, 043102 (2022), Table I; 'Recomm…
• Allegrini, Arimondo, Orozco, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 51, 043102 (2022), Table I; 'Recomm…
• Allegrini, Arimondo, Orozco, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 51, 043102 (2022), Table I; origina…
• Allegrini, Arimondo, Orozco, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 51, 043102 (2022), Table I; origina…
• Allegrini, Arimondo, Orozco, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 51, 043102 (2022), Table I; weighte…
• Allegrini, Arimondo, Orozco, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 51, 043102 (2022), Table I; weighte…
• Allegrini, Arimondo, Orozco, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 51, 043102 (2022), Table I; weighte…
• Allegrini, Arimondo, Orozco, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 51, 043102 (2022), Table I; weighte…
• Allegrini, Arimondo, Orozco, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 51, 043102 (2022), Table I; weighte…
• Brown, Wu, Porto, Sansonetti, Simien, Brewer, Tan, Gillaspy, Phys. Rev. A 87, 032504 (201…
• Heldt & Leuchs, Z. Phys. A 291, 11 (1979), abstract as given by OSTI ETDEWEB (time-resolv…
• Heldt & Leuchs, Z. Phys. A 291, 11 (1979), abstract as given by OSTI ETDEWEB (time-resolv…
• McAlexander, Abraham, Hulet, Phys. Rev. A 54, R5 (1996), abstract: 27.102(2)(7) ns for 7L…
• NIST ASD A = 1.02e+06 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 1.04e+06 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 1.07e+05 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 1.12e+07 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 1.13e+06 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 1.14e+07 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 1.25e+06 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 1.29e+07 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 1.58e+06 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 1.64e+06 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 1.73e+06 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 1.81e+06 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 1.87e+03 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 1.94e+07 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 1e+06 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 2.05e+05 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 2.23e+07 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 2.9e+06 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 3.04e+06 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 3.05e+05 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 3.17e+06 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 3.46e+06 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 3.61e+04 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 3.82e+05 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 3.87e+06 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 4.04e+04 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 4.15e+03 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 4.38e+04 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 4.83e+05 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 4.96e+06 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 5.18e+05 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 5.71e+07 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 5.73e+05 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 5.75e+05 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 6.08e+05 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 6.36e+04 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 6.92e+06 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 680 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 8.62e+05 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 9.04e+06 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 9.41e+05 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 9.73e+05 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 9.92e+05 s^-1
• NIST ASD A = 9e+05 s^-1
• NIST ASD level energies
• UDel Portal for High-Precision Atomic Data and Computation (Safronova group; data service…
• UDel Portal for High-Precision Atomic Data and Computation (Safronova group; data service…
• UDel Portal for High-Precision Atomic Data and Computation (Safronova group; data service…
• UDel Portal for High-Precision Atomic Data and Computation (Safronova group; data service…
• UDel Portal for High-Precision Atomic Data and Computation (Safronova group; data service…
• UDel Portal for High-Precision Atomic Data and Computation (Safronova group; data service…
• UDel Portal for High-Precision Atomic Data and Computation (Safronova group; data service…
• UDel Portal for High-Precision Atomic Data and Computation (Safronova group; data service…
• UDel Portal for High-Precision Atomic Data and Computation (Safronova group; data service…
• UDel Portal for High-Precision Atomic Data and Computation (Safronova group; data service…
• UDel Portal for High-Precision Atomic Data and Computation (Safronova group; data service…
• UDel Portal for High-Precision Atomic Data and Computation (Safronova group; data service…
• UDel Portal for High-Precision Atomic Data and Computation (Safronova group; data service…
• UDel Portal for High-Precision Atomic Data and Computation (Safronova group; data service…
• UDel Portal for High-Precision Atomic Data and Computation (Safronova group; data service…
• UDel Portal for High-Precision Atomic Data and Computation (Safronova group; data service…
• UDel Portal for High-Precision Atomic Data and Computation (Safronova group; data service…
• UDel Portal for High-Precision Atomic Data and Computation (Safronova group; data service…

Atoms with measured data

• Lithium-632 levels, 85 lines
• Beryllium-917 levels, 26 lines
• Sodium-2336 levels, 106 lines
• Magnesium-2418 levels, 61 lines
• Magnesium-2518 levels, 61 lines
• Potassium-3934 levels, 84 lines
• Potassium-4034 levels, 84 lines
• Potassium-4134 levels, 84 lines
• Calcium-4035 levels, 61 lines
• Calcium-4335 levels, 61 lines
• Chromium-5256 levels, 87 lines
• Chromium-5356 levels, 87 lines
• Rubidium-8536 levels, 94 lines
• Rubidium-8736 levels, 94 lines
• Strontium-8440 levels, 70 lines
• Strontium-8640 levels, 70 lines
• Strontium-8740 levels, 70 lines
• Strontium-8840 levels, 70 lines
• Cadmium-11115 levels, 21 lines
• Cadmium-11315 levels, 21 lines
• Cadmium-11415 levels, 21 lines
• Caesium-13331 levels, 79 lines
• Barium-13744 levels, 89 lines
• Barium-13844 levels, 89 lines
• Dysprosium-16139 levels, 55 lines
• Dysprosium-16239 levels, 55 lines
• Dysprosium-16339 levels, 55 lines
• Dysprosium-16439 levels, 55 lines
• Erbium-16673 levels, 90 lines
• Erbium-16773 levels, 90 lines
• Erbium-16873 levels, 90 lines
• Thulium-16972 levels, 73 lines
• Ytterbium-17118 levels, 26 lines
• Ytterbium-17318 levels, 26 lines
• Ytterbium-17418 levels, 26 lines
• Mercury-19927 levels, 47 lines
• Mercury-20127 levels, 47 lines
• Mercury-20227 levels, 47 lines

All elements: periodic table