Samarium energy level diagram

Energy levels and transitions of neutral samarium (Sm I): the 90 strongest classified lines below 2 µm from the NIST Atomic Spectra Database and the 67 levels they connect, each line with its vacuum wavelength, frequency and, for 90 of them, the reduced dipole matrix element derived from the NIST transition rate. Measured lifetimes, transition rates, hyperfine constants and isotope shifts from the literature are included, each with its citation.

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Download: diagram (PDF) diagram (SVG) transitions (CSV) levels (CSV) source code

Strongest transitions of samarium

λ, ν from NIST level energies unless a measured frequency for this isotope is available. A: measured value or NIST. Γ/2π: natural linewidth of the upper level, 1/(2πτ).

¹⁴⁷Sm hyperfine structure (I = 7/2)

Measured A, B constants; sources in the data file.

Listed Sm transitions below 2 µm

Reduced dipole matrix elements follow the convention A = ω³|d|²/(3πε₀ħc³(2J′+1)), with J′ the upper level. Tags show where a number comes from: measured, NIST compilation, high-accuracy theory, or a model calculation.

Sm energy levels

Sm⁺ ionisation limit 45519.69 cm⁻¹ = 5.64372 eV (219.685 nm)

Sources

• Childs, Goodman, Phys. Rev. A 6, 2011 (1972) (atomic-beam magnetic resonance), as tabulat…
• Den Hartog, Lawler, J. Phys. B 46, 185001 (2013), Table 1 (time-resolved laser-induced fl…
• Lawler, Fittante, Den Hartog, J. Phys. B 46, 215004 (2013), Table 2 (2013) (measured leve…
• Lawler, Fittante, Den Hartog, J. Phys. B 46, 215004 (2013), Table 2 (2013); Lawler, Fitta…
• Lawler, Fittante, Den Hartog, J. Phys. B 46, 215004 (2013), Table 3
• Park, Lee, Rhee, J. Korean Phys. Soc. 43, 336 (2003), as tabulated (experimental row) in …

Lifetimes: Den Hartog & Lawler 2013 Table 1, read from the IOP Figshare deposit of the table (the article itself was not opened); the 'This work' column carries no per-level uncertainty. Transition probabilities and improved level energies: Lawler, Fittante, Den Hartog 2013 (PDF opened; 299 lines printed, all 299 entered; values were extracted from the PDF text by script and matched to NIST levels by energy (within 0.35 cm^-1) and J). Level energies and A-values refer to the natural isotope mixture. Hyperfine constants are second-hand (from the comparison tables of a theory paper). The level 4f6 6s2 5D0 at 14564.90(2) cm^-1 (2026) is not in NIST and is therefore listed under 'levels_not_in_nist' rather than 'levels'. Added 2026-10-02: Zhang, Feng, Dai, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27, 2255 (2010), Table 1 (79 lifetimes of odd levels with J=0-3, 18985-34190 cm^-1), read from the publisher's abstract page (text copy in pdf/Sm_Zhang_2010.txt). 61 levels have no other measurement and take this value as their lifetime; for the 18 levels also measured by Den Hartog & Lawler 2013 the 2013 value stays the entry (the 2013 transition rates are normalised to it) and the 2010 value is an alternative, now with method 'experiment'. None of the 61 new levels has a transition rate in NIST or in Lawler et al. 2013, so the lifetime x sum(A) check cannot be applied to them.

Atoms with measured data

• Lithium-632 levels, 85 lines
• Lithium-732 levels, 85 lines
• Beryllium-917 levels, 26 lines
• Sodium-2336 levels, 106 lines
• Magnesium-2418 levels, 61 lines
• Magnesium-2518 levels, 61 lines
• Potassium-3934 levels, 84 lines
• Potassium-4034 levels, 84 lines
• Potassium-4134 levels, 84 lines
• Calcium-4035 levels, 61 lines
• Calcium-4335 levels, 61 lines
• Chromium-5256 levels, 87 lines
• Chromium-5356 levels, 87 lines
• Rubidium-8536 levels, 94 lines
• Rubidium-8736 levels, 94 lines
• Strontium-8440 levels, 70 lines
• Strontium-8640 levels, 70 lines
• Strontium-8740 levels, 70 lines
• Strontium-8840 levels, 70 lines
• Cadmium-11115 levels, 21 lines
• Cadmium-11315 levels, 21 lines
• Cadmium-11415 levels, 21 lines
• Caesium-13331 levels, 79 lines
• Barium-13744 levels, 89 lines
• Barium-13844 levels, 89 lines
• Dysprosium-16139 levels, 55 lines
• Dysprosium-16239 levels, 55 lines
• Dysprosium-16339 levels, 55 lines
• Dysprosium-16439 levels, 55 lines
• Erbium-16673 levels, 90 lines
• Erbium-16773 levels, 90 lines
• Erbium-16873 levels, 90 lines
• Thulium-16972 levels, 73 lines
• Ytterbium-17118 levels, 26 lines
• Ytterbium-17318 levels, 26 lines
• Ytterbium-17418 levels, 26 lines
• Mercury-19927 levels, 47 lines
• Mercury-20127 levels, 47 lines
• Mercury-20227 levels, 47 lines

All elements: periodic table